Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt Jun 2026

A vital slide in any clinical PEM presentation must cover . This is a dangerous, potentially fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes that occurs when malnourished patients are fed too aggressively. During starvation, the body relies on fat metabolism.

This leads to severe , hypokalemia , and hypomagnesemia . Consequences

The clinical presentation varies significantly between the two main types: Kwashiorkor Gradual (chronic) Rapid (acute) Appearance "Old man face," emaciated "Moon face," swollen limbs Present (legs, face, abdomen) Muscle Wasting Some wasting (masked by edema) Dry, thin, wrinkled skin Skin lesions, "flag sign" hair Enlarged fatty liver Mental State Alert, irritable Apathetic, listless 3. Etiology and Risk Factors Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a serious health condition caused by a lack of dietary protein and calories. It is most common in developing countries and primarily affects infants and young children. ⚡ Key Types of PEM

It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide [Source: Vedantu ]. 2. Types of Protein Energy Malnutrition A vital slide in any clinical PEM presentation must cover

This is a mixed form showing overlapping features. The child presents with severe wasting (weight-for-age < 60%) alongside the classic pitting edema and skin changes of Kwashiorkor. 5. Pathophysiology and Complications

PEM is typically categorized into two severe clinical forms, though many patients present with overlapping symptoms: Marasmus (Energy Deficiency) Appearance This leads to severe , hypokalemia , and hypomagnesemia

Cell-mediated immunity is impaired, making children more susceptible to infections.

| Measurement | Normal | Mild | Moderate | Severe | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Ideal Body Weight % | 90-110 | 85-90 | 75-85 | <75 | | BMI | 19-24 | 18-18.9 | 16-17.9 | <16 | | Serum Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5-5.0 | 3.1-3.4 | 2.4-3.0 | <2.4 |